百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊

　　《百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊》代表作文字稿

　　代表作1：Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode I: The Jiahu Site & The Peiligang Site

　　百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列①：河南舞阳贾湖遗址 河南新郑裴李岗遗址

　　https://en.dahe.cn/2021/10-23/915530.html

　　地址+二维码

　　Henan province has 14 items listed among the recent-concluded selection of "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years", ranking 1st nationwide.

　　近日，河南14项考古遗址入选全国“百年百大考古发现”，数量居全国第一。

　　As the 11th Party Congress of Henan Province approaches, we are launching the Archaeological Discovery in Henan: A Marvel in the World series featuring 7 bilingual stories about Henan's 14 items in "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years" to demonstrate Henan's long history and rich culture.

　　为更好地向世界展示河南文化、中国精彩，在中国共产党河南省第十一次代表大会即将召开之际，大河网特推出双语特别策划——百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊。

　　Here is the 1st episode: The Jiahu Site & The Peiligang Site.

　　今日推出第①期：《河南舞阳贾湖遗址 河南新郑裴李岗遗址》。

　　Located in Jiahu village, 1.5 kilometers southwest of Beiwudu town, Wuyang county, Henan province, the well-preserved Jiahu Site covering an area of 55 thousand square meters is rich in cultural remains, which dates back to some 7,500 to 9,000 years ago.

　　贾湖遗址位于河南省舞阳县北舞渡镇西南1.5公里的贾湖村，保护区面积5.5万平方米，是一处规模较大、保存完整、文化积淀极为丰厚的新石器时代早期遗存，C14、释光测年结果显示其距今约9000―7500年。

　　Beside the earliest "liquor" in the world, the world's earliest and best-preserved musical instrument, namely bone flute, is another important discovery at the Jiahu Site, which changed the music history in the world and refuted the sayings that "Chinese flute comes from the Western countries" and "7-note scale comes from abroad".

　　贾湖遗址最重要的发现除世界上最早的“酒”外，还有世界上年代最早、保存最完整的乐器——骨笛，改写了世界音乐史，推翻了“中国笛子西来说”和“七声音阶外来说”。

　　As the earliest Neolithic cultural remains found in the Huaihe River basin, the Jiahu Site connects the Neolithic cultures of the middle reaches of the Yellow River and those of the middle and lower reaches of the Huaihe River, reflecting the colorful life of the ancient Chinese people living in the upper reaches of the Huaihe River some 8,000 to 9,000 years ago.

　　贾湖遗址是淮河流域迄今所知年代最早的新石器文化遗存，提供了连接黄河中游至淮河中下游之间新石器文化关系的一个连接点，再现了淮河上游八九千年前的辉煌。

　　Located in the west of Peiligang village, about 8 kilometers northwest of Xinzheng city, Henan province, the Peiligang Site is a major historical and cultural site protected at the national level in China. Dating back to some 8,000 years ago, the Peiligang Culture was named after the Peiligang Site, about 1,000 years earlier than the Yangshao Culture (dating back to 7,000 years ago).

　　裴李岗遗址，属全国重点文物保护单位，位于河南省郑州市新郑市西北约8公里的裴李岗村西，遗址年代距今约8000年，绝对年代早于仰韶文化1000多年。该遗址出土的器物有独具一格的文化面貌，被考古学界命名为“裴李岗文化”。

　　More than 400 cultural relics were discovered at the Peiligang Site, including stone tools, pottery wares, bone implements, etc., highlighted by stone sickles with saw teeth, stone spades with a blade at both ends, stone querns and rollers.

　　裴李岗遗址出土各种器物400余件，包括各种石器、陶器、骨器等，其中典型器物有锯齿石镰、两端有刃的条型石铲、石磨盘、石磨棒。

　　The discovery of the Peiligang Site not only filled the historical gap in the early Neolithic Age before the Yangshao Culture, but also provided physical evidence for further study of the Chinese civilization.

　　裴李岗遗址的发现填补了中国仰韶文化以前新石器时代早期的一段历史空白，给进一步研究中华文明历史提供了实物资料。

　　代表作2：Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode III: The Shuanghuaishu Site & The Erlitou Site

　　百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列③：河南巩义双槐树遗址 河南偃师二里头遗址

　　https://en.dahe.cn/2021/10-25/916175.html

　　地址+二维码

　　Henan province has 14 items listed among the recent-concluded selection of "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years", ranking 1st nationwide.

　　近日，河南14项考古遗址入选全国“百年百大考古发现”，数量居全国第一。

　　As the 11th Party Congress of Henan Province approaches, we are launching the Archaeological Discovery in Henan: A Marvel in the World series featuring 7 bilingual stories about Henan's 14 items in "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years" to demonstrate Henan's long history and rich culture.

　　为更好地向世界展示河南文化、中国精彩，在中国共产党河南省第十一次代表大会即将召开之际，大河网特推出双语特别策划——百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊。

　　Here is the 3rd episode: The Shuanghuaishu Site & The Erlitou Site.

　　今日推出第③期：《河南巩义双槐树遗址 河南偃师二里头遗址》。

　　Unveiled in the south of Shuanghuaishu village in the township of Heluo, the Shuanghuaishu Site is located on the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau, with the Yellow River 2 kilometers to its north and the Yiluo River 4 kilometers to its west. Recognized as the embryo of early Chinese civilization by experts and scholars, the ancient "Heluo Kingdom" dating back to around 5,300 years ago was discovered at the Shuanghuaishu Site, which provided key proof of the origin of Chinese civilization.

　　双槐树遗址位于巩义市河洛镇双槐树村村南的高台地上，北距黄河2公里，西距伊洛河4公里，地处黄土高原东部边缘区域。在这里，发现了距今5300年左右的“河洛古国”，填补了中华文明起源关键时期、关键地区的关键材料，被专家学者称为“早期中华文明的胚胎”。

　　The remains of three ring trenches, large building complex, large-scale residential compounds in the center, walls with the earliest Wengcheng (enclosure for defense outside a city gate) structure, 4 rigidly planned public graveyards and terraces for religious sacrifices from the middle and late stage of Yangshao Culture were found at the site.

　　经过考古发掘，双槐树遗址发现了仰韶文化中晚期的三重大型环壕、大型建筑基址、大型中心居址、具有瓮城结构的围墙、版筑大型夯土地基、4处经过严格规划的大型公共墓地，以及夯土祭坛、房址、灰坑、人祭坑及兽骨坑等遗迹。

　　According to Sun Yingmin, head of Henan Provincial Society of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, judging from the existing remains, the palatial structures of the ancient "Heluo Kingdom" has directly influenced the layout design of the capitals during the Xia and Shang dynasties, such as the Taosi Site in Shanxi's Linfen city and the Erlitou Site in Henan's Luoyang city, and can be considered as the origin of ancient capital regulations.

　　河南省文物考古学会会长孙英民认为，从发现的三重环壕等遗存现象看，双槐树遗址的宫寝宫宇“礼制”布局直接影响了此后的陶寺和二里头等夏商都城规划布局，找到了历史时期都城规制的源头。

　　The Shuanghuaishu Site was a "huge settlement" during the period from the mid and late stage of Yangshao Culture to the early Longshan Culture. It was the highest-level political and cultural center and the only large-scale townsite of its time ever found along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

　　据了解，双槐树遗址是一处仰韶文化中晚期到龙山文化早期的核心聚落遗址，是迄今为止在黄河流域发现的仰韶文化中晚期规模最大的政治文化核心聚落群和唯一的大型城址群。

　　Dating back some 3,500 or 3,800 years, the Erlitou Site is one of the first six major sites of the Project for Tracing Chinese Civilization Origins in China.

　　二里头遗址是中华文明探源工程首批重点六大都邑之一，年代距今约3800-3500年。

　　Verified by archaeology and historical philology, Erlitou was not only the site of China's earliest capital, but also the largest one in the Xia Dynasty. The Erlitou culture, represented by the Erlitou Site, was the earliest "core culture" in China and all over East Asia. Known as the "earliest China", Erlitou was the earliest sovereign state covering a broad area and established itself as the core and leader of the forming process of Chinese civilization.

　　二里头遗址是经考古学与历史文献学考证的最早王朝——夏朝的都城遗存，是同时期规模最大的都城遗址。以二里头遗址为代表的二里头文化，是中国乃至东亚地区最早的“核心文化”、最早的广域王权国家，被誉为“最早的中国”，是中华文明总进程的核心与引领者。

　　For Zhao Haitao, who currently heads the archaeological team, the crisscross roads in the central area of the Erlitou Site are of the highest value and importance to the study on the Erlitou Site as the capital city of the Xia Dynasty. The layers of hard loess on the roads are often preferred by archaeologists because of their value of proof.

　　在二里头考古队现任队长赵海涛的心中，二里头遗址中心区的主干道路网络，对于解读二里头遗址的王都内涵最为重要，价值也最大。那一层层长期踩踏而形成的坚硬的黄土，成为考古学者的最爱。因为这些道路，显示出了二里头的王都格局、王朝气象。

　　According to Zhao, there are at least 4 roads (2 vertical roads and 2 horizontal ones) in the central area of the Erlitou Site, each measuring 10-20 meters in width. The crisscross roads divide the ancient capital city into many square and regular grids with different functions, forming a multigrid layout.

　　赵海涛说，我们发现在二里头遗址中心区至少存在两纵、两横4条道路，每条道路宽10－20米。它们纵横交错，呈方正、规整的“井”字形，构成了二里头都城功能分区的重要界限，形成多网格式宏大格局。

　　The Erlitou Site is of great value to major research projects including the origin of Chinese civilization, the rise of state, the origin of cities, the construction of capitals and the customization of royal palaces.

　　专家认为，二里头遗址对研究华夏文明的渊源、国家的兴起、城市的起源、王都建设、王宫定制等重大问题具有重要的参考价值。

　　代表作3：Special Coverage on Party Congress | Episode VII: The Capital Site of China's Sui-Tang Period in Luoyang & The Tombs of the Song Dynasty in Xuchang

　　百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊 | 系列⑦：河南隋唐洛阳城遗址 河南许昌白沙宋墓

　　https://en.dahe.cn/2021/10-29/918447.html

　　地址+二维码

　　Henan province has 14 items listed among the recent-concluded selection of "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years", ranking 1st nationwide.

　　近日，河南14项考古遗址入选全国“百年百大考古发现”，数量居全国第一。

　　During the 11th Party Congress of Henan Province, we are launching the Archaeological Discovery in Henan: A Marvel in the World series featuring 7 bilingual stories about Henan's 14 items in "China's 100 Major Archaeological Discoveries in Last 100 Years" to demonstrate Henan's long history and rich culture.

　　为更好地向世界展示河南文化、中国精彩，在中国共产党河南省第十一次代表大会期间，大河网特推出双语特别策划——百年现代考古学·河南当惊世界殊。

　　Here is the last episode: The Capital Site of China's Sui-Tang Period in Luoyang & The Tombs of the Song Dynasty in Xuchang.

　　今日推出第⑦期：《河南隋唐洛阳城遗址 河南许昌白沙宋墓》。

　　The Capital Site of China's Sui-Tang Period in Luoyang

　　河南隋唐洛阳城遗址

　　The Capital Site of China's Sui-Tang Period is located in Chanhehuizu district of Luoyang city, Henan province, once serving as the capital of the Sui and Tang dynasties.

　　隋唐洛阳城遗址，是隋、唐两代的都城遗址。遗址位于河南省洛阳市瀍河回族区。

　　Dating back to more than 1,400 years ago, the Capital Site of China's Sui-Tang Period in Luoyang lies on both sides of the Luohe River and covers an area of about 47 square kilometers, with Tangsimen village of Baimasi town to its northeast, Chengjiao village of Lilou town to its southeast, Miaowan village of Mangshan town to its northwest and the intersection of Wangcheng Avenue and Gucheng Road to its southwest.

　　隋唐洛阳城遗址地跨洛河两岸，遗址东北至白马寺镇唐寺门，东南至李楼乡城角村，西北至邙山镇苗湾，西南至王城大道与古城路交叉口，面积约47平方千米，已有1400多年历史。

　　The capital was first built in 605 AD or the first year of Daye of Emperor Yangdi of the Sui Dynasty. In 657 AD or the second year of Xianqing of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was also the capital, widely known as Dongdu. In 684 AD or the first year of Guangzhai of Emperor Ruizong of the Tang Dynasty, Dongdu was renamed as Shendu. In 690 AD or the first year of Wuzhou Period (established by Wu Zetian), Dongdu was renamed as Luoyang, while in 761 AD or the first year of Emperor Suzong of the Tang Dynasty, "Luoyang" was replaced by "Dongdu" again. In the late Tang Dynasty, the capital was destroyed in the war. The site remains today.

　　隋唐洛阳城始建于隋炀帝大业元年（605年），唐高宗显庆二年（657年）颁布《建东都诏》定洛阳为东都。唐睿宗光宅元年（684年），改东都为神都。天授元年（690年）武则天改唐为周，定都洛阳。唐肃宗元年（761年）复名东都。唐朝末年，毁于战火，遗址留存至今。

　　The site was listed among Henan's major historical and cultural sites protected at the provincial level in 1963, while among China's major historical and cultural sites protected at the national level in 1988.

　　隋唐洛阳城遗址，1963年列为河南省文物保护单位，1988年全国重点文物保护单位。

　　The Tombs of the Song Dynasty in Xuchang

　　河南许昌白沙宋墓

　　Located in Baisha village of Xuchang city, Henan province, a total of 3 tombs were built for Zhao Daweng and his family in the late Northern Song Dynasty. The No. 1 tomb in which Zhao Daweng is buried has 2 rooms respectively at its front and rear, while the No. 2 and No. 3 tombs have 1 room. The No. 1 tomb, a brick-chambered tomb with imitation wood structure, has a 7.26-meter-long passage connecting the square-shaped front room and the hexagon-shaped rear room, to the north of which the No. 2 and No. 3 hexagon-shaped tombs are located. All these 3 tombs are brick-chambered tombs with imitation wood structures.

　　白沙宋墓，位于河南禹州市花石镇白沙村，是北宋末年赵大翁及其家属的墓葬，共3座。一号赵大翁墓为前后室，二、三号为单室墓。赵大翁墓为砖室仿木建筑结构墓，分为前、后两室，前室呈扁方形、后室为六角形，中间有过道相通，过道长7.26米。另两座墓并列于赵大翁墓以北，均为平面呈六角形的单室墓，也是仿木建筑结构。

　　Among all the brick-chambered tombs with imitation wood structures popular in China's central and northern regions in the late Northern Song Dynasty discovered so far, they are the best-preserved and most complex ones, providing important data for the study of such tombs at that time.

　　白沙宋墓是北宋末期流行于中原和北方地区的仿木建筑雕砖壁画墓中保存最好、结构最为复杂的一处。它的发现，为研究北宋仿木建筑的雕砖壁画墓提供了重要资料。